| Juan C. Chebez
Administración de Parques Nacionales Delegación NEA, Misiones Mónica Diaz
Stella M. Giannoni
Sofia Heinonen F.
|
Carlos Vazquez
GiB, IADIZA Mendoza Nestor Viñals
J. Adrian Monjeau.- ECOTONO
Ricardo A. Ojeda
|
The present account of the 22 species
of marsupials of Argentina is part of a larger project
coordinated by the IUCN`s New World
Marsupial Specialist Group (NWMSG) on marsupials of the
Neotropics, and whose goals and
objectives are: a) to develop an Action Plan for the Conservation
of New World Marsupials; b) to
compile and synthesize information of the biology of New World
Marsupials; c) to delimit the range
distribution of each species; d) to classify the vulnerability of each
species; e) to determine the most vulnerable ecosystems and
habitats, and f) to define the research
agenda for the conservation of
New World Marsupials.
The project on Marsupials of
Argentina has been possible due to the support of many
governmental, zoos and non-governmental
organizations. The NWMSG (New World Marsupial
Specialist Group-IUCN) is grateful
for financial support from: Woodland Park Zoo of Seattle (WA),
Miami Metrozoo of Miami (FL), San
Antonio Zoo of San Antonio (TX), Tulsa Zoo of Tulsa (OK),
Columbus Zoo of Powell, (OH), IUCN,
the Institute for Arid Land Research of Mendoza, Argentina (IADIZA)
and the National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET). Our special
thanks to
Darin Collins, Guillermo Gil, Jean
Ragland, Javier Bermudez, Alice Gilley and Celeste Lombardi.
The accounts include: scientific
names followed by common names; geographic range, distribution in
Argentina; habitat, category; reason for listing (criteria
and subcriteria), recommended conservation
action and references. The genera
and species that occur in Argentina (some are still a matter of
debate ) follow Chebez (1996),
Galliari et al. (1996), Gardner (1993), Heinonen (1998), Monjeau et
al (1994), Ojeda and Monjeau (1995),
Olrog and Lucero (1981), and Redford and Eisenberg (1992).
Under habitat we include major
formations (eg. humid forests, Patagonian steppe) and some of the
preferred microhabitats (eg. along
watercourses). Status includes the categories listed in the Red
Book (Ojeda and Diaz, 1997). Reasons
for listing are those causes defined by IUCN. Recommended actions
are general approaches to fulfill a better understanding of the species`
biology and its
conservation. Major references
are mentioned.
CHECKLIST
ORDER DIDELPHIMORPHIA (ver nombre científico)
ORDER PAUCITUBERCULATA
ORDER MICROBIOTHERIA
Monodelphis brevicaudata
Monodelphis emiliae
Monodelphis kunsi
Monodelphis unistriata
Geographic distribution: Central Colombia, northwest and southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, eastern Perú, eastern Bolivia, southern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and western and southern Brazil.
Argentina: The wolly opossum reaches its southernmost distribution in the Province of Misiones.
Habitat: Associated with humid forests and secondary growth
Category: Lower Risk, near threatened (Lrnt)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b and d: pollutants).
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range and population abundance in its southern limit of distribution; habitat protection; ecology; evaluation of potential sources of contamination.
References: First record for Argentina by Massoia and Foerster (1974); Eisenberg (1989). Chebez (1996), Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Tobasco), through Central America to Colombia, northwestern Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, the mouth of the Amazon river in Brazil, Ecuador, Perú, Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.
Argentina: The southeasternmost limit of distribution is reached in Misiones Province.
Habitat: Associated with permanent bodies of water (streams, rivers, shallow pools) in humid forest habitats; open woodlands.; up to 1,527 m.
Category: Lower Risk, near threatened? (LRnt?)
Reason for listing:. Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b and e: pollutants).
Recommended actions: surveys to determine areas of occupation in its southernmost distribution; habitat protection; evaluation of sources of water contamination; ecological studies.
References: Massoia (1976), Marshall (1978c), Chebez (1996), Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Found in two zones, one in southern Venezuela, the northwest of Surinam and the north of Brazil; the second in a larger zone in Ecuador, Colombia, Perú, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern, central and southern Argentina.
Argentina: Throughout Argentina, from 41º latitude in Río Negro Province northward
Natural history: Reproductively active in december -january
Habitat. Plains, marginal forests, marshes, grasslands, rainforests at high altitudes and at subtropical latitudes, up to 2.500 m; urban areas; rare in arid and semiarid areas; common in moist agricultural zones.
Category: . Lower Risk, near threatened? (Lrnt?)
Reason for listing:. Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b and e: pollutants).
Recommended actions. Surveys to establish range, status, and ecology.
References: Cajal (1976); Mares et al. (1996)
Geographic distribution: From Mexico to northeastern Argentina.
Argentina: In the Province of Misiones reaches its southernmost distribution.
Habitat: Wide diversity of habitats; forests, savannas, near water courses; agricultural fields.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern? (LRlc)
Recommended actions: Survey to establish range, status, and ecology.
References: Cerqueira (1985); Crespo (1974)
Geographic distribution. Southeast of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, eastern Perú eastern Bolivia and Argentina.
Argentina: Northeastern Argentina; in the provinces of Formosa, Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, Santa Fé, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires
Habitat. Humid forests, secondary growth and gallery forests.
Category. Lower risk, near threatened (LRnt)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions. Habitat protection; status, ecology.
References: Massoia and Fornes (1972); Hershkovitz (1992); Chebez (1996); Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution. Brazil (State of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo), and Argentina
Argentina: Misiones province.
Habitat. Humid subtropical forest.
Category. Lower Risk, near threatened? (LRnt)
Reason for listing : Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b)
Recommended actions. Habitat protection; areas of occupation; ecology.
References: Hershkovitz (1992); Chebez (1996), Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997)
Geographic distribution: Restricted to southern and central Argentina
Argentina: Provinces of Río Negro, Neuquén, Santa Cruz, La Pampa, Mendoza, and Chubut.
Habitat: Patagonian and Monte shrublands, dense shrubby microhabitats, dense steppe grasslands, presence associated near watercourses or meadows.
Category. Vulnerable (VU)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat. Extent of occurrence estimated to be more than 20,000 km2 , including most of Buenos Aires Province in the past; although is found in no more than ten locations (Vulnerable under criteria A1b and B1).
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range of occupation; identify its limits of distribution in La Pampa, Mendoza, and Santa Cruz provinces; natural history.
References: Birney et al. (1996a), (1996b) Birney and Monjeau, (in prep.), Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997); Marshall (1977); Pearson (1995); Redford and Eisenberg (1992).
Geographic distribution: Two isolated populations. One in southern South America, from southern Brazil through Uruguay, Paraguay, and part of Bolivia, to north-central Argentina. The northern distribution boundary runs between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the Beni River in Bolivia. Another population is distributed in eastern Colombia, Venezuela, and western Guyana.
Argentina: Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fé, Tucuman.
Habitat: Lowland humid forests; close to permanent waterways, such as rivers and creeks. They are also found in the moist pampas plains and marginal forests; ranging from 600 - 2000m in elevation.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (LRlc)
Recommended actions: Systematics of western and eastern populations; might be different; distribution, natural history.
References: Barquez et al. (1991); Chebez (1996) y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997); Mares et al (1981); Marshall (1978a); Massoia (1973); Olrog (1979).
Geographic distribution: Southern Nicaragua to Paraguay, Bolivia and northeast Argentina.
Argentina: Its southeast limit of distribution is reached in Misiones province.
Habitat. Rainforest and subtropical forests, marginal forests and low forests.
Category. Lower Risk, least concern (Lrlc).
Recommended actions: surveys to determine areas of occupation.
References: Crespo (1950); Chebez (1996); Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Eastern Bolivia and Brazilian State of Mato Grosso and northwestern Argentina.
Argentina: It reaches its southernmost distribution in the Provinces of Jujuy and Salta (Calilegua and El Rey National Parks), at about 24° 42´, 64° 38. ´
Habitat: Humid forest.
Category: Lower Risk, near threatened (LRnt)
Reason for listing. Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Surveys to define range of occupation; natural history.
References : Chebez (1996) y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: In Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, eastern Paraguay and Argentina.
Argentina: Misiones and eastern Formosa
Habitat: Humid forests; secondary growth.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (LRlc)
Recommended actions: Habitat protection; range of occupation.
References : Massoia (1972); Chebez (1996) y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997),
Geographic distribution. Southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina in apparent relictual area.
Argentina: Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Salta, Tucumán, south of Misiones
Habitat: Pastures, wetlands, pampas grasslands, and riparian areas next to waterways.
Category: Lower Risk, near threatened (LRlc)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Near Threatened under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Systematics; surveys to establish range of occupation; ecology.
References: Crespo (1964); Reig (1964); Pine et al. (1985); Chebez (1996); Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and northern Argentina
Argentina: Formosa province.
Habitat: Open forests.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (LRlc).
Recommended actions: habitat protection; surveys to establish range of occupation; ecology.
References: Heinonen and Chebez (1997)
Geographic distribution: Southeast of Brazil, and Argentina
Argentina: cited by Massoia, 1980 as M. americana iheringi.
Habitat: Rainforests and subtropical forests, along watercourses.
Category: Lower Risk, near threatened (Lrnt).
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (near Threatened under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: surveys to establish range of occupation.
References: Massoia, 1980; Chebez (1996) y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina
Argentina: Misiones province.
Habitat: Atlantic humid forests.
Category. Vulnerable (VU)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Vulnerable under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Surveys to define extent of occupation; abundance.
References: Massoia, (1980); Chebez, (1996); Heinonen Fortabat and Chebez, (1997); Heinonen, (1998)
Geographic distribution: Southeastern Brazil from Minas Gerais to Río Grande do Sul. From the South of Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
Argentina: Misiones province.
Habitat: Atlantic humid forest.
Category. Vulnerable (VU) (RAO). Lower Risk (Least concern)(SHF, JCC).
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat (Vulnerable under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish extent of occupation; abundance.
References: Previously cited as Monodelphis henseli.Chebez (1996); Ojeda and Giannoni, unpubl. report
Geographic distribution: Widely distributed. From Mexico (Tamaulipas) southward through Central America as far as Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina.
Argentina: Misiones, Formosa and Chaco province.
Habitat: Atlantic humid forest; secondary growth; along watercourses.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (LRlc)
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range of occupation; ecology; abundance; habitat protection.
References: Chebez (1996); Crespo (1950); Massoia (1980) ), Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997), Heinonen (1998).
Geographic distribution: East and south of Bolivia and Argentina.
Argentina: In western Argentina; from Neuquen and Río Negro provinces northward.
Habitat: Arid and semiarid pre-Andean foothills and Andean mountain ranges.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (LRlc)
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range of occupation; natural history; zone of overlap with T. pusillus .
References: Cabrera and Yepes (1940); Cajal (1981), Ojeda and Giannoni, unpubl. report; Palma and Yates ( 1998); Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Comments: Pronounced postorbital constriction; recognized as a species distinct from T.pusillus.
Geographic distribution: Central and southern Brazil, southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and central and northeastern Argentina.
Argentina: Salta, Chaco, Formosa, Santiago del Estero and central provinces of San Juan, Córdoba and Mendoza.
Habitat: Arid and semiarid lowland scrublands of the Monte desert and Chaco biomes; areas with spiny vegetation and along waterways with dense vegetation.
Category. Lower Risk, least concern (Lrlc).
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range of occupation; natural history; systematics
References: Palma and Yates (1998); Gardner (1993); Birney et al. (1996b)
Comments: Longer tail, larger feet and ears and greater size than T. pallidior, Tate (1933). Birney et al (1996b) hypothesized that two species of Thylamys (excluding the possibility of elegans) occur in Chubut, and predict that one exists primarily in the Monte biome (would be assignable to T. pallidior) and the other (would be T. pusillus) in the Patagonian biome if name usage employed by Monjeau et al. (1994) is followed.
Geographic distribution: Perú, Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.
Argentina: Provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán and Catamarca.
Habitat: Transitional and humid forests below 2000 m; brushlands, riverbank chaparral and agricultural areas.
Category: Lower Risk, least concern (Lrlc)
Recommended actions: Surveys to establish range of occupation; ecology; abundance.
References: Palma and Yates (1998); Heinonen and Bosso (1994), y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Geographic distribution: Chiloé island, continental southern Chile and one site in southern Argentina.
Argentina: Only two specimens were captured in the same site (41° 02.15' S, 71° 48.54' W; Río Negro Province, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Puerto Blest) in 1992 and 1995. Additionally, a partially eaten specimen was found on the road 1/2 km north of the trapsite.
Habitat: Temperate Nothofagus forest with thick brush cover, throughout the Valdivian forest in Chile and Argentina. Fallen large trees covered with moss, very wet floors with trickles of water, seems to be the favourite microhabitat.
Category. Vulnerable (VU)
Reason for listing. Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Vulnerable under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Surveys to define areas of occupation; ecology; natural history; abundance.
References: Monjeau et al. (1994); Patterson and Gallardo (1987); Birney et al (1996b). Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Comments: Although Bublitz (1987) considered mainland populations of this genus to be specifically distinct and employed the name R. continentalis, Birney et al (1996b) followed Gardner (1993b) in considering the genus to contain a single species.
Geographic distribution: Chile and southern Argentina.
Argentina: Neuquén, Río Negro, and northwestern Chubut
Habitat: Southern temperate Nothofagus forest, mostly throughout the Valdivian forest.
Category. Vulnerable (VU)
Reason for listing: Population reduction by inference or suspicion of decline based on extent of ocurrence and/or quality of habitat (Vulnerable under criterion A1b).
Recommended actions: Surveys to determine areas of occupation; natural history; abundance.
References: Birney et al. (1996b); Marshall (1978b); Pearson (1983); Pearson and Pearson (1982); Monjeau et al. (1994) y Heinonen Fortabat y Chebez (1997).
Comments: Gardner (1993c) used D. gliroides for this species, because australis is preoccupied. Although with acknowledgement to this technicality, Birney et al (1996b) used australis, more generally recognized name for the monito de monte.
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